ABSTRACT
Abstract Pharmacokinetic studies were carried out in male and female rats to quantify silymarin as silybin (A+B) after the oral administration of various silymarin formulations combined with three bioenhancers, namely, lysergol, piperine, and fulvic acid, and compared with plain silymarin formulation (control). A non-compartmental analysis, model independent analysis, was utilized, and various pharmacokinetic parameters (C max, T max, and AUC 0-t) were calculated individually for each treatment group, and the values were expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6). Plasma samples obtained from the rats were analyzed for the concentration of silymarin through a validated RP-HPLC method and on the basis of data generated from the pharmacokinetic studies. Results indicated that the bioenhancers augmented pharmacokinetic parameters and bioavailability increased 2.4-14.5-fold in all the formulations compared with the control. The current work envisages the development of an industrially viable product that can be further subjected to clinical trials and scientifically supports the development of silymarin as a contemporary therapeutic agent with enhanced bioavailability and medicinal values.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Rats , Silymarin/analysis , Silymarin/agonists , Acids/adverse effects , Biological Availability , Administration, Oral , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methodsABSTRACT
Introduction: Silymarin is a plant known for decades and with varied medicinal properties targeted to the liver.Objective: To investigate evidence of the use of silymarin in alcoholic liver disease and on hepatitis B and C.Methods: Review of the literature through electronic search, including studies of good methodological quality assessing the effects of silymarin on liver.Results: A systematic review of 13 studies and only 3 of them with good methodological quality showed unsatisfactory results in chronic liver diseases most common evolutionary disease as alcoholic and viral hepatitis B and C. Were demonstrated statistically significant changes in the decrease of transaminases and gamma-GT (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) in alcoholic liver disease, but did not change the mortality and other clinical and biochemical parameters in both alcoholic liver disease and in liver viral.Conclusion: Experimental studies have shown beneficial effects of silymarin in the liver by various drugs. However, there is insufficient evidence of its efficacy and safety in the treatment of chronic alcoholic liver disease and viral in its outcome greater mortality.
Introdução: A silimarina é uma planta conhecida há décadas e com propriedades medicinais variadas direcionadas para o fígado.Objetivo: Verificar evidências do uso da silimarina na doença alcóolica do fígado e nas hepatites B e C.Métodos: Revisão sistematizada da literatura por meio de busca eletrônica, incluindo estudos com boa qualidade metodológica que avaliem os efeitos da silimarina em hepatopatias.Resultados: Uma revisão sistemática com 13 estudos e somente 3 deles com boa qualidade metodológica mostraram resultados não satisfatórios nas hepatopatias crônicas evolutivas mais comuns como por doença alcóolica e hepatites virais B e C. Foram demonstradas alterações estatisticamente significantes na diminuição das transaminases e gama-GT (gama-glutamil transpeptidase) na doença hepática alcoólica, porém, sem alterar a mortalidade e outros parâmetros clínicos e bioquímicos tanto na hepatopatia alcoólica como nas hepatopatias virais.Conclusão: Estudos experimentais mostraram efeitos benéficos da silimarina nas hepatopatias por diversas drogas. No entanto, não há evidências suficientes de sua eficácia e segurança no tratamento de hepatopatias crônicas alcoólicas e virais no seu desfecho maior, a mortalidade.
Subject(s)
Humans , Alcoholism/therapy , Liver Cirrhosis/therapy , Hepatitis B/therapy , Hepatitis C/therapy , Silymarin/analysis , Silymarin/therapeutic useABSTRACT
The Egyptian crop of Silybum marianum L. Gaertn. as well as its variety S. marianum var. albiflora Eig. was assessed with the aim of evaluating its content of the antihepatotoxic flavolignans collectively known as silymarin substance. Qualitatively, using TLC and HPLC, the flavolignans content was proved to be identical in composition with that of the imported silymarin substance, Legalon, which is marked by a local drug company. The highest content of the Egyptian Silybum marianum total flavolignans is present in the fruits of the ripe unopened capitulae [4.204% w/w]. Such high yield of the active constituents in the fruits of this very common wild plant and in conjunction with the reported high content of the fruit edible oil [more than 30% w/w] proved the value of the Egyptian crop as a potential source